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How a pediatric surgeon can use AI, task by task

O*NET 29-1243.00: Pediatric SurgeonsMedian pay $559,030/year (BLS, May 2025)18 tasksJob Zone 5: Extensive preparation

Diagnose and perform surgery to treat fetal abnormalities and birth defects, diseases, and injuries in fetuses, premature and newborn infants, children, and adolescents. Includes all pediatric surgical specialties and subspecialties.

Type your own title and every prompt on this page updates to match. Also called: Cardiovascular Surgeon, General Surgeon, Hand Surgeon, Physician, Plastic Surgeon, Surgeon, Thoracic Surgeon, Vascular Surgeon.

Where AI fits in this job

AI-ready 6%AI-assist 6%Stays human 89%

Share of the job's tasks, weighted by how important and how frequent each task is (O*NET ratings). 1 AI-ready, 1 AI-assist and 16 human-led tasks out of 18. This measures where AI can help, not whether the job will disappear.

Shape of the job: importance of each kind of work activity (O*NET, 1 to 5).

🔒 Many of these tasks involve people's information. Remove names and identifying details before using AI, or use only a tool your employer has approved.

AI can draft these 1

AI produces a usable first pass. You review it, fix it and own it.

Prepare case histories.

AI writes the first draft from your notes; you check every fact.

Show prompt & steps

Give AI your rough notes, numbers or last version and it will turn them into a clean, well-structured first draft. You check every fact and figure before it goes anywhere.

Ready-to-use prompt

I work as a pediatric surgeon. Part of my job is to prepare case histories.

Context: We use MEDITECH software and Epic Systems.
Specialty: [chiropractic, dental, general]
What to capture: [conditions, meds, allergies, history]

Draft a medical history template with prompts. No patient data. Use plain language and headings where they help, and mark anything you had to guess with [CHECK].

10-minute exercise: History-taking template

Step 1Pick a real example: the next time you prepare case histories.
Step 2Fill in [Specialty] and [What to capture] with the real details, then run the prompt.
Step 3Check every fact, name and number against your source before it goes anywhere.

AI will happily make up numbers, names and dates. Every fact in the draft needs checking against your source.

O*NET work activity: Record patient medical histories..

AI can help you prep these 1

AI speeds up the prep, drafting or thinking. The core of the task is still yours.

Analyze patient's medical history, medication allergies, physical condition, and examination results to verify operation's necessity and to determine best procedure.

AI does the arithmetic and suggests what to look at; the conclusions are yours.

Show prompt & steps

AI can do the arithmetic, build the spreadsheet formula and suggest what to look at. Deciding what the numbers mean for your situation is still you.

Ready-to-use prompt

I work as a pediatric surgeon. Part of my job is to analyze patient's medical history, medication allergies, physical condition, and examination results to verify operation's necessity and to determine best procedure.

Context: We use MEDITECH software and Epic Systems.
Data: [de-identified records, trends]
Goal: [treatment planning]

Identify patterns and needs. Show your working step by step and give spreadsheet formulas so I can reproduce the numbers.

10-minute exercise: Patient needs analysis

Step 1Pick a real example: the next time you analyze patient's medical history, medication allergies and physical condition. Leave out names and identifying details.
Step 2Fill in [Data] and [Goal] with the real details, then run the prompt.
Step 3Recompute the most important number yourself before you trust the rest.

AI makes arithmetic mistakes. Recompute anything that matters with a spreadsheet formula.

O*NET work activity: Analyze patient data to determine patient needs or treatment goals..

These stay human 16

They need your hands, your presence or your accountable judgment. Lean into them: they get more valuable as routine work is automated.

Conduct research to develop and test surgical techniques that can improve operating procedures and outcomes.

Physical, in-person work. AI helps with checklists and write-ups.

Show prep prompt & steps

Where AI still helps: AI helps around the job: decoding manuals and instructions, pre-job checklists, calculations and writing up what you did afterward.

Prep prompt

I work as a pediatric surgeon. Part of my job is to conduct research to develop and test surgical techniques that can improve operating procedures and outcomes.

What's involved: [research to develop and test surgical techniques: where, when, who's affected]

Make me a step-by-step checklist to conduct research to develop and test surgical techniques, the details I should double-check before I start, and a 3-line template for noting it's done.

10-minute exercise: Checklist: research to develop and test surgical techniques

Step 1Before you next conduct research to develop and test surgical techniques, fill in [What's involved] with the real details.
Step 2Strike any step that doesn't match how your workplace does it, and add what only experience teaches.
Step 3Afterward, note it with the 3-line template and one thing you'd do differently next time.

O*NET work activity: Conduct research to increase knowledge about medical issues..

Consult with patient's other medical care specialists, such as cardiologist and endocrinologist, to determine if surgery is necessary.

Human connection. Use AI only before and after, to prepare.

Show prep prompt & steps

Where AI still helps: Use AI before and after, not during. Prepare talking points, practise a hard conversation, or turn your notes into a follow-up.

Prep prompt

I work as a pediatric surgeon. Part of my job is to consult with patient's other medical care specialists, such as cardiologist and endocrinologist, to determine if surgery is necessary.

Case: [general, no identifiers]
Participants: [disciplines]

Prepare an agenda, key points and questions. Suggest ways to open, phrases to avoid, and how to handle it if things get tense. Then play the other person so I can practice.

10-minute exercise: Care conference prep

Step 1Pick a real example: the next time you consult with patient's other medical care specialists. Leave out names and identifying details.
Step 2Fill in [Case] and [Participants] with the real details, then run the prompt.
Step 3Agree actions and owners at the end.

O*NET work activity: Confer with other professionals to plan patient care..

Describe preoperative and postoperative treatments and procedures, such as sedatives, diets, antibiotics, or preparation and treatment of the patient's operative area, to parents or guardians of the patient.

Your accountable call. Use AI as a sounding board beforehand.

Show prep prompt & steps

Where AI still helps: Use AI as a sounding board before you decide. Ask it to argue the other side, list what you might be overlooking, or organize the evidence.

Prep prompt

I work as a pediatric surgeon. Part of my job is to describe preoperative and postoperative treatments and procedures, such as sedatives, diets, antibiotics, or preparation and treatment of the patient's operative area, to parents or guardians of the patient.

Condition: [general, no patient details]
Options: [list]

Compare options and evidence. I prescribe. Argue the strongest case against my current view and list what extra information would change the decision. I make the final call.

10-minute exercise: Treatment prescription prep

Step 1Pick a real example: the next time you describe preoperative and postoperative treatments and procedures. Leave out names and identifying details.
Step 2Fill in [Condition] and [Options] with the real details, then run the prompt.
Step 3Make the call yourself, then note whether anything it raised changed your mind.

O*NET work activity: Prescribe treatments or therapies.. Also involves: Prescribe medications..

Direct and coordinate activities of nurses, assistants, specialists, residents, and other medical staff.

Leading people runs on trust. AI can prep the paperwork around it.

Show prep prompt & steps

Where AI still helps: AI can prep the paperwork around leading: meeting agendas, feedback drafts, rotas, briefings and difficult-conversation rehearsals.

Prep prompt

I work as a pediatric surgeon. Part of my job is to direct and coordinate activities of nurses, assistants, specialists, residents, and other medical staff.

Team: [counselors, clinicians, staff]
Issue or goal: [describe]

Help me prepare: the key message in 2 sentences, what good looks like, how people might react and how I'll respond, and one thing I'll check next week.

10-minute exercise: Supervising care staff

Step 1Pick a real example: the next time you direct and coordinate activities of nurses, assistants and specialists. Leave out names and identifying details.
Step 2Fill in [Team] and [Issue or goal] with the real details, then run the prompt.
Step 3Afterward, note one thing people responded to and one thing you'd change.

O*NET work activity: Supervise patient care personnel..

Examine fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, and diagnose health issues to determine need for intervention, such as surgery.

Hands-on care. AI only helps with prep, explanations and paperwork.

Show prep prompt & steps

Where AI still helps: AI can help around the care: plain-language explanations for patients, study and revision, checklists and paperwork drafts. Use only tools your employer has approved for health information.

Prep prompt

I work as a pediatric surgeon. Part of my job is to examine fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, and diagnose health issues to determine need for intervention, such as surgery.

Exam type: [general, musculoskeletal, pre-participation]
Patient group: [general description]

Make an exam sequence, plain-language explanations, and red flags. Keep it free of any patient details, add plain-language wording I can use with people, and list the warning signs that mean I should escalate.

10-minute exercise: Physical exam prep

Step 1Pick a real example: the next time you examine fetuses, infants and children.
Step 2Fill in [Exam type] and [Patient group] with the real details, then run the prompt.
Step 3Use the explanations with your next patient.

O*NET work activity: Examine patients to assess general physical condition.. Also involves: Diagnose medical conditions..

Examine instruments, equipment, and operating room to ensure sterility.

Hands-on care. AI only helps with prep, explanations and paperwork.

Show prep prompt & steps

Where AI still helps: AI can help around the care: plain-language explanations for patients, study and revision, checklists and paperwork drafts. Use only tools your employer has approved for health information.

Prep prompt

I work as a pediatric surgeon. Part of my job is to examine instruments, equipment, and operating room to ensure sterility.

Setting: [OR, procedure room]
Items: [instruments, equipment]

List sterility verification steps. Keep it free of any patient details, add plain-language wording I can use with people, and list the warning signs that mean I should escalate.

10-minute exercise: Sterility check

Step 1Pick a real example: the next time you examine instruments and equipment.
Step 2Fill in [Setting] and [Items] with the real details, then run the prompt.
Step 3Compare it line by line with your protocol. Your protocol always wins.

O*NET work activity: Sterilize medical equipment or instruments..

Examine patient to obtain information on medical condition and surgical risk.

Hands-on care. AI only helps with prep, explanations and paperwork.

Show prep prompt & steps

Where AI still helps: AI can help around the care: plain-language explanations for patients, study and revision, checklists and paperwork drafts. Use only tools your employer has approved for health information.

Prep prompt

I work as a pediatric surgeon. Part of my job is to examine patient to obtain information on medical condition and surgical risk.

Exam type: [general, musculoskeletal, pre-participation]
Patient group: [general description]

Make an exam sequence, plain-language explanations, and red flags. Keep it free of any patient details, add plain-language wording I can use with people, and list the warning signs that mean I should escalate.

10-minute exercise: Physical exam prep

Step 1Pick a real example: the next time you examine patient. Leave out names and identifying details.
Step 2Fill in [Exam type] and [Patient group] with the real details, then run the prompt.
Step 3Use the explanations with your next patient.

O*NET work activity: Examine patients to assess general physical condition..

Follow established surgical techniques during the operation.

Hands-on care. AI only helps with prep, explanations and paperwork.

Show prep prompt & steps

Where AI still helps: AI can help around the care: plain-language explanations for patients, study and revision, checklists and paperwork drafts. Use only tools your employer has approved for health information.

Prep prompt

I work as a pediatric surgeon. Part of my job is to follow established surgical techniques during the operation.

Protocol: [infection control, safety]
Unit: [describe]

Summarize key steps and audit questions. Keep it free of any patient details, add plain-language wording I can use with people, and list the warning signs that mean I should escalate.

10-minute exercise: Protocol refresher

Step 1Pick a real example: the next time you follow established surgical techniques.
Step 2Fill in [Protocol] and [Unit] with the real details, then run the prompt.
Step 3Compare it line by line with your protocol. Your protocol always wins.

O*NET work activity: Follow protocols or regulations for healthcare activities..

Inform parents and guardians of child's health problems and surgical procedures through various channels, such as in-person and telecommunication systems.

Human connection. Use AI only before and after, to prepare.

Show prep prompt & steps

Where AI still helps: Use AI before and after, not during. Prepare talking points, practise a hard conversation, or turn your notes into a follow-up.

Prep prompt

I work as a pediatric surgeon. Part of my job is to inform parents and guardians of child's health problems and surgical procedures through various channels, such as in-person and telecommunication systems.

Procedure or result: [describe generally, no patient details]
Who: [patient, family]

Prepare a calm explanation, risks in plain words, and answers to likely fears. Then play the patient.

10-minute exercise: Explain a procedure or result

Step 1Pick a real example: the next time you inform parents and guardians of child's health problems. Leave out names and identifying details.
Step 2Fill in [Procedure or result] and [Who] with the real details, then run the prompt.
Step 3Check facts with the treating clinician first.

O*NET work activity: Explain medical procedures or test results to patients or family members.. Also involves: Confer with family members to discuss client treatment plans or progress..

Interpret results of preoperative tests and physical examinations.

Your accountable call. Use AI as a sounding board beforehand.

Show prep prompt & steps

Where AI still helps: Use AI as a sounding board before you decide. Ask it to argue the other side, list what you might be overlooking, or organize the evidence.

Prep prompt

I work as a pediatric surgeon. Part of my job is to interpret results of preoperative tests and physical examinations.

Test or image: [x-ray, lab, scan]
Clinical question: [what to rule in or out]

List systematic review steps and pitfalls. I make the diagnosis. Argue the strongest case against my current view and list what extra information would change the decision. I make the final call.

10-minute exercise: Interpretation checklist

Step 1Pick a real example: the next time you interpret results of preoperative tests and physical examinations.
Step 2Fill in [Test or image] and [Clinical question] with the real details, then run the prompt.
Step 3Make the call yourself, then note whether anything it raised changed your mind.

O*NET work activity: Analyze test data or images to inform diagnosis or treatment..

Manage surgery services, including planning, scheduling and coordination, determination of procedures, or procurement of supplies and equipment.

Leading people runs on trust. AI can prep the paperwork around it.

Show prep prompt & steps

Where AI still helps: AI can prep the paperwork around leading: meeting agendas, feedback drafts, rotas, briefings and difficult-conversation rehearsals.

Prep prompt

I work as a pediatric surgeon. Part of my job is to manage surgery services, including planning, scheduling and coordination, determination of procedures, or procurement of supplies and equipment.

Situation this week: [describe it, no names, e.g. planning, scheduling and coordination, determination of procedures, or procurement of supplies and equipment]
What I need from the team: [the outcome]

Give me a short agenda or plan, the key message in 2 sentences, how people might react and how to respond to each. Then role-play the toughest person so I can practice.

10-minute exercise: Lead it: surgery services

Step 1Pick the next time you'll manage surgery services.
Step 2Fill in [describe it] and [the outcome], then rehearse with the role-play until your key message is crisp.
Step 3Afterward, note one thing people responded to and one you'd change.

O*NET work activity: Order medical supplies or equipment.. Also involves: Schedule patient procedures or appointments.; Manage healthcare operations..

Monitor patient's recovery, making follow-up visits and using postoperative assessment techniques, such as blood and imaging tests.

Hands-on care. AI only helps with prep, explanations and paperwork.

Show prep prompt & steps

Where AI still helps: AI can help around the care: plain-language explanations for patients, study and revision, checklists and paperwork drafts. Use only tools your employer has approved for health information.

Prep prompt

I work as a pediatric surgeon. Part of my job is to monitor patient's recovery, making follow-up visits and using postoperative assessment techniques, such as blood and imaging tests.

Treatment or condition: [general type, no patient details]
What I track: [signs, scores, labs]

List the signs of good progress, warning signs, and questions to ask at each review. Make a charting template.

10-minute exercise: Progress review prep

Step 1Pick a real example: the next time you monitor patient's recovery. Leave out names and identifying details.
Step 2Fill in [Treatment or condition] and [What I track] with the real details, then run the prompt.
Step 3Use the template on your next rounds.

O*NET work activity: Monitor patient progress or responses to treatments..

Operate on fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents to correct deformities, repair injuries, prevent and treat diseases, or improve or restore patients' functions.

Hands-on care. AI only helps with prep, explanations and paperwork.

Show prep prompt & steps

Where AI still helps: AI can help around the care: plain-language explanations for patients, study and revision, checklists and paperwork drafts. Use only tools your employer has approved for health information.

Prep prompt

I work as a pediatric surgeon. Part of my job is to operate on fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents to correct deformities, repair injuries, prevent and treat diseases, or improve or restore patients' functions.

Procedure: [type]
Key steps: [describe]

Summarize as study notes with risks and patient education points. Keep it free of any patient details, add plain-language wording I can use with people, and list the warning signs that mean I should escalate.

10-minute exercise: Surgical case prep notes

Step 1Pick a real example: the next time you operate on fetuses, infants and children. Leave out names and identifying details.
Step 2Fill in [Procedure] and [Key steps] with the real details, then run the prompt.
Step 3Your training and guidelines are the authority. Check it against the manufacturer's manual and your site procedure before you rely on it.

Safety-critical: AI output is a starting point. Follow your site's procedures and the manufacturer's guidance.

O*NET work activity: Operate on patients to treat conditions..

Perform transplantation operations, such as organ transplants, on fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents.

Hands-on care. AI only helps with prep, explanations and paperwork.

Show prep prompt & steps

Where AI still helps: AI can help around the care: plain-language explanations for patients, study and revision, checklists and paperwork drafts. Use only tools your employer has approved for health information.

Prep prompt

I work as a pediatric surgeon. Part of my job is to perform transplantation operations, such as organ transplants, on fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents.

Procedure: [type]
Key steps: [describe]

Summarize as study notes with risks and patient education points. Keep it free of any patient details, add plain-language wording I can use with people, and list the warning signs that mean I should escalate.

10-minute exercise: Surgical case prep notes

Step 1Pick a real example: the next time you perform transplantation operations.
Step 2Fill in [Procedure] and [Key steps] with the real details, then run the prompt.
Step 3Your training and guidelines are the authority.

O*NET work activity: Operate on patients to treat conditions..

Provide consultation and surgical assistance to other physicians and surgeons.

Hands-on care. AI only helps with prep, explanations and paperwork.

Show prep prompt & steps

Where AI still helps: AI can help around the care: plain-language explanations for patients, study and revision, checklists and paperwork drafts. Use only tools your employer has approved for health information.

Prep prompt

I work as a pediatric surgeon. Part of my job is to provide consultation and surgical assistance to other physicians and surgeons.

Procedure: [type]
Role: [first assist, consult]

Summarize steps and key moments as study notes. Keep it free of any patient details, add plain-language wording I can use with people, and list the warning signs that mean I should escalate.

10-minute exercise: Surgical assist prep

Step 1Pick a real example: the next time you provide consultation and surgical assistance.
Step 2Fill in [Procedure] and [Role] with the real details, then run the prompt.
Step 3Compare it line by line with your protocol. Your protocol always wins.

O*NET work activity: Assist healthcare practitioners during surgery.. Also involves: Advise medical personnel regarding healthcare issues..

Refer patient to medical specialist or other practitioners when necessary.

Your accountable call. Use AI as a sounding board beforehand.

Show prep prompt & steps

Where AI still helps: Use AI as a sounding board before you decide. Ask it to argue the other side, list what you might be overlooking, or organize the evidence.

Prep prompt

I work as a pediatric surgeon. Part of my job is to refer patient to medical specialist or other practitioners when necessary.

Situation: [general, no patient details]
Options: [specialists, services]

List red flags and criteria for referral, and what to include in the referral. I decide.

10-minute exercise: Referral decision prep

Step 1Pick a real example: the next time you refer patient. Leave out names and identifying details.
Step 2Fill in [Situation] and [Options] with the real details, then run the prompt.
Step 3Make the call yourself, then note whether anything it raised changed your mind.

O*NET work activity: Refer patients to other healthcare practitioners or health resources..

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Software in this job

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Epic SystemsMEDITECH softwareMicrosoft Windows